Zahra Barkhordari; Ali Shamsoddini
Abstract
Due to the limitations of real precipitation measurement and the lack of proper spatial and temporal coverage of rainfall measurement in the country, remote sensing technology with high temporal and spatial resolution is considered as a useful tool for estimating the amount of precipitation phenomenon ...
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Due to the limitations of real precipitation measurement and the lack of proper spatial and temporal coverage of rainfall measurement in the country, remote sensing technology with high temporal and spatial resolution is considered as a useful tool for estimating the amount of precipitation phenomenon and its temporal and spatial changes; however, satellite data are contaminated to the various errors such as uncertainty in sampling, retrieval errors and inherent errors. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the accuracy of their precipitation products before using them. In this study, the effectiveness and accuracy of the precipitation products of CHIRPS, TRMM and MERRA satellites were evaluated using statistical methods against the measured data of 222 synoptic stations located in IRAN on a monthly time scale, for the years 2005-2019. The results showed that the TRMM product with RMSE of 23.84 mm performed better compared to other precipitation products, and after that, the MERRA product with RMSE of 30.57 mm has shown a suitable performance compared to the CHIRPS product with RMSE of 35 mm. Also, the examination of POD, FAR and CSI indices showed that the performance difference of three precipitation products is not considerable and all three have a good performance. In general, the results showed that TRMM satellite products can be used as a good substitute for measured data in where there is no synoptic station. It has also matched in terms of indicators.
Zahra Barkhordari; jalal karami; Hojatolah Mahboobi
Abstract
Due to the scarcity and crisis of water resources, the issue of optimal use and management of it is ofparticular importance. Improper pattern of water consumption in different areas of a city can be one ofthe cases that cause water crisis in a city. Therefore, there is necessary to apply methods in order ...
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Due to the scarcity and crisis of water resources, the issue of optimal use and management of it is ofparticular importance. Improper pattern of water consumption in different areas of a city can be one ofthe cases that cause water crisis in a city. Therefore, there is necessary to apply methods in order toidentify consumption patterns in different areas of the city. The purpose of this study is to investigatethe spatial pattern of water consumption in Qom city using spatial autocorrelation techniques. For thisreason, the consumption of 117 neighborhoods of Qom city during 2017 was collected and theaverage household water consumption for each neighborhood was calculated. Moran index was usedto identify the type of consumption pattern and local Moran index and hot spot technique were usedfor spatial distribution of the consumption pattern. The results of spatial autocorrelation showed thatthe largest cluster pattern of water consumption in Qom city occurred in summer with the value ofMoran index (I = 0.24). Also, the highest significance of the index (z = 7.02) was observed in thisseason. In both local and hot spot analysis, it was observed that high consumption has a high clusterpattern compared to low consumption. Spatially, high consumption clusters were observed in thecentral and western neighborhoods of the city and low consumption clusters were observed in thesouthern, eastern and northern neighborhoods of the city. Temporally, high consumption clusters wereobserved in central and western neighborhoods in summer and winter, respectively and lowconsumption clusters were observed in cold seasons.
